For players it is not possible to do that. The reason for that is:
Even if you manage to fly from one sector to the position of the next sector the next sector won't load and it will be just empty space. I've tried it.

Only if you either travel via super highway or jumpdrive the game will actually move you from sector A to sector B.
I think it could be possible to move NPC ships between sectors without them using the highway/jumpdrive if there was a script that would simply change the ships location.
They wouldn't really fly there, it would just be an simulation so it kinda looks like it, it would basically work like that:
1) capital ship flies of way, waaaay into deep space
2) after about half the distance to the target sector the game engine takes the capital ship, removes it from its current sector and keeps note of its position
3) the game engine puts the ship into the next sector and puts it at the position as if it naturally came from the first sector
As the player observing it it would look like the ship just disappeared when it enters the next sector/appeared out of nowhere when it enters the next sector.